Several key factors have shaped Libya’s current digital ecosystem and will influence its evolution in coming years. The most prominent is the decade-long period of conflict beginning with the 2011 revolution. During this time, intermittent violence, geographic divisions, and political paralysis have consumed attention and resources that might otherwise have gone toward modernization and reform of the Libyan state and economy. The effects of conflict can be felt throughout Libya’s digital ecosystem, including the destruction of physical infrastructure assets, geographic division of key institutions including the Central Bank of Libya, and an online environment polluted by disinformation and foreign influence operations.